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【Book XIII: Zilu】\n\nZilu asked about governance. The Master said: "Lead them, and then labor them." When asked for more advice, he said: "Do not grow weary."\nZhonggong, serving as steward to the Ji family, asked about governance. The Master said: "Set an example for your officials, pardon minor faults, and promote the worthy and talented." When asked, "How can one recognize the worthy and talented to promote them?" he replied: "Promote those you know. As for those you do not know, will others neglect them?"\nZilu said: "If the ruler of Wei were to await you to govern, what would you prioritize?" The Master said: "It would have to be the rectification of names!" Zilu said: "Is that so? How pedantic you are! Why rectify names?" The Master said: "How uncultivated you are, You! A gentleman, regarding what he does not know, maintains a reserved attitude. If names are not rectified, speech will not be in accord. If speech is not in accord, affairs will not be accomplished. If affairs are not accomplished, rites and music will not flourish. If rites and music do not flourish, punishments will not be just. If punishments are not just, the people will have nowhere to place their hands and feet. Therefore, a gentleman must be able to speak of what he names, and what he speaks must be practicable. A gentleman, in his speech, leaves nothing to carelessness."\nFan Chi asked to learn farming. The Master said: "I am not as good as an old farmer." He asked to learn gardening. The Master said: "I am not as good as an old gardener." Fan Chi left. The Master said: "What a petty man Fan Xu is! If those above love ritual, none among the people will dare be disrespectful. If those above love righteousness, none among the people will dare be disobedient. If those above love trustworthiness, none among the people will dare be insincere. If it is thus, the people from all quarters will come carrying their children on their backs. What need is there for farming?"\nThe Master said: "One who has recited the three hundred odes, yet when entrusted with governance cannot carry it out, or when sent on missions to the four quarters cannot respond independently—though he has learned much, of what use is it?"\nThe Master said: "If a man is correct in his own conduct, he will be followed without orders being given. If he is not correct in his own conduct, he will not be obeyed even if orders are given."\nThe Master said: "The governance of Lu and Wei are like brothers."\nThe Master said of Prince Jing of Wei: "He was good at managing a household. When he first had something, he said: 'This is barely adequate.' When he had a little more, he said: 'This is barely complete.' When he had plenty, he said: 'This is barely splendid.'"\nWhen the Master went to Wei, Ran You drove for him. The Master said: "How populous it is!" Ran You said: "Since it is populous, what more should be done?" He said: "Enrich them." He said: "Once they are enriched, what more should be done?" He said: "Educate them."\nThe Master said: "If anyone were to employ me, in a year it would be possible, and in three years there would be accomplishment."\nThe Master said: "If good men were to govern a state for a hundred years, they could also overcome cruelty and eliminate killing. How true this saying is!"\nThe Master said: "If a true king were to arise, it would take a generation for benevolence to prevail."\nThe Master said: "If a man can rectify himself, what difficulty is there in governing? If he cannot rectify himself, how can he rectify others?"\nMaster Ran returned from court. The Master said: "Why so late?" He replied: "There were affairs of governance." The Master said: "They were merely routine matters. If there were affairs of governance, though I am not employed, I would have heard of them."\nDuke Ding asked: "Is there a single saying that can make a state prosper?" Confucius replied: "A saying cannot be like that, but there is one that comes close. People say: 'It is difficult to be a ruler, and not easy to be a minister.' If one understands the difficulty of being a ruler, is that not close to a saying that can make a state prosper?" He asked: "Is there a single saying that can ruin a state?" Confucius replied: "A saying cannot be like that, but there is one that comes close. People say: 'I take no pleasure in being a ruler, except that no one opposes my words.' If his words are good and no one opposes them, is that not good? If his words are not good and no one opposes them, is that not close to a saying that can ruin a state?"\nThe Duke of She asked about governance. The Master said: "Make those near happy, and those far away will come."\nZixia, serving as steward of Jufu, asked about governance. The Master said: "Do not desire speed, do not look for small gains. If you desire speed, you will not attain your goal. If you look for small gains, great affairs will not be accomplished."\nThe Duke of She said to Confucius: "In my village there is a man named Straight Body. His father stole a sheep, and the son bore witness against him." Confucius said: "The straight men in my village are different from this. The father conceals for the son, and the son conceals for the father. Straightness lies within this."\n...