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【Jian Chuan, Chapter 37】\n\nWhy does the mourning garment for three years use coarse hemp? Coarse hemp is an ugly appearance, used to express the inner sorrow outwardly. The mourner for three years looks like coarse hemp; for one year, like flax; for nine months, like one who is still; for five months and three months, the appearance may be normal. This is sorrow manifested in appearance and body.\nThe weeping for three years' mourning is like going and not returning; for one year's mourning, like going and returning; for nine months' mourning, it is winding and prolonged; for five months and three months, a sorrowful countenance suffices. This is sorrow manifested in voice and sound.\nFor three years' mourning, one only responds with "yes" but does not converse; for one year's mourning, one converses but does not speak at length; for nine months' mourning, one speaks but does not discuss; for five months and three months, one discusses but does not reach the point of joy. This is sorrow manifested in speech and language.\nFor three years' mourning, one fasts for three days; for one year's mourning, for two days; for nine months' mourning, for three meals; for five months and three months, for two meals; for a scholar-official who participates in the encoffining, one meal is skipped. Therefore, for the mourning of parents, after the encoffining, one drinks porridge, eating a handful of rice in the morning and a handful in the evening; for one year's mourning, one eats coarse food and drinks water, not eating vegetables or fruits; for nine months' mourning, one does not eat vinegar or sauces; for five months and three months, one does not drink sweet wine. This is sorrow manifested in food and drink.\nFor the mourning of parents, after the sacrifice of repose and the cessation of weeping, one eats coarse food and drinks water, not eating vegetables or fruits; after one year at the Lesser Repast, one eats vegetables and fruits; after another year at the Greater Repast, one has vinegar and sauces; after the intervening month at the final sacrifice, one drinks sweet wine. When first drinking wine, one first drinks sweet wine. When first eating meat, one first eats dried meat.\nFor the mourning of parents, one dwells in a lean-to hut, sleeps on straw with a clod of earth as a pillow, and does not remove the mourning sash or headband; for one year's mourning, one dwells in a whitewashed room, with a mat of rushes cut but not sewn; for nine months' mourning, one sleeps on a mat; for five months and three months, a bed is permissible. This is sorrow manifested in dwelling and resting.\nFor the mourning of parents, after the sacrifice of repose and the cessation of weeping, one props up the ridgepole, trims the screen, and uses a rush mat cut but not sewn; after one year at the Lesser Repast, one dwells in a whitewashed room and sleeps on a mat; after another year at the Greater Repast, one returns to the regular sleeping quarters; after the intervening month at the final sacrifice, one uses a bed.\n……