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Book 15: Duke Ling of Wei\n\nDuke Ling of Wei asked Confucius about military formations. Confucius replied, "I have heard about sacrificial vessels, but I have not studied military matters." The next day, he departed.\nIn the state of Chen, their provisions ran out, and his followers fell ill, unable to rise. Zilu, looking resentful, said, "Does a gentleman also face hardship?" Confucius said, "A gentleman remains steadfast in hardship; a petty man, when in hardship, becomes reckless."\nConfucius said, "Ci, do you think I am one who learns much and remembers it all?" Zigong replied, "Yes. Is that not so?" Confucius said, "No. I have one thread that runs through it all."\nConfucius said, "You, there are few who understand virtue."\nConfucius said, "He who governed without action—was it not Shun? What did he do? He simply made himself reverent and faced south correctly."\nZizhang asked about conduct. Confucius said, "Be loyal and trustworthy in speech, earnest and respectful in action. Even among barbarian tribes, you will succeed. If speech is not loyal and trustworthy, action not earnest and respectful, even in your own district, will you succeed? When standing, see these principles before you; in the carriage, see them resting on the crossbar. Only then will you succeed." Zizhang wrote this on his sash.\nConfucius said, "How upright was Shi Yu! When the state was well-ordered, he was like an arrow; when the state lacked the Way, he was like an arrow. A true gentleman, Qu Boyu! When the state was well-ordered, he served; when the state lacked the Way, he could withdraw and keep his principles to himself."\nConfucius said, "To fail to speak with someone you can speak to is to lose the person. To speak with someone you cannot speak to is to waste words. The wise lose neither the person nor waste words."\nConfucius said, "A determined scholar or a man of benevolence does not seek life at the expense of benevolence; there are those who would sacrifice their lives to achieve benevolence."\nZigong asked about practicing benevolence. Confucius said, "A craftsman who wishes to do his work well must first sharpen his tools. When residing in a state, serve the worthy among its great officers and befriend the benevolent among its scholars."\nYan Yuan asked about governing a state. Confucius said, "Follow the calendar of Xia, ride in the carriage of Yin, wear the ceremonial cap of Zhou, and for music, adopt the Shao dance. Banish the tunes of Zheng and keep flatterers at a distance. The tunes of Zheng are licentious; flatterers are dangerous."\nConfucius said, "If a man takes no thought for what is distant, he will find sorrow near at hand."\nConfucius said, "It is all over! I have never seen one who loves virtue as he loves beauty."\nConfucius said, "Was Zang Wenzhong one who stole his position? He knew the worth of Liu Xiahui but did not stand by him."\nConfucius said, "Be strict with yourself and lenient with others, and you will keep resentment at a distance."\nConfucius said, "If a man does not say, 'What is to be done? What is to be done?' I can do nothing with him."\n...