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【Duke Wen, Part Six】\n\nFirst year, spring, the king's first month, the duke assumed the throne.\n〇Second month, on the day Guihai, the first day of the month, there was a solar eclipse.\n〇The Son of Heaven sent Shufu to come and attend the funeral. Why does it say "come to attend the funeral"? Attending a funeral is a matter of propriety.\n〇Summer, fourth month, on the day Dingsi, we buried our ruler Duke Xi.\n〇The Son of Heaven sent Maobo to come and bestow upon the duke his mandate.\nWhat does "bestow" mean? It means to grant. What does "mandate" mean? It means to confer upon us robes of office.\n〇The Marquis of Jin attacked Wei.\n〇Shusun Dechen went to the capital.\n〇The people of Wei attacked Jin.\n〇Autumn, Gongsun Ao met with the Marquis of Jin at Qi.\n〇Winter, tenth month, on the day Dingwei, Shang Chen, the heir apparent of Chu, assassinated his ruler, Kun.\n〇Gongsun Ao went to Qi.\n\nSecond year, spring, the king's second month, on the day Jiazi, the Marquis of Jin fought a battle with the Qin army at Pengya, and the Qin army was defeated.\n〇On the day Dingchou, the spirit tablet for Duke Xi was made.\nWhat does "making the spirit tablet for Duke Xi" mean? It means making a spirit tablet for Duke Xi. What material is used for the spirit tablet? For the mourning tablet, mulberry wood is used; for the tablet after the mourning period, chestnut wood is used. Using chestnut wood means the tablet is to be stored away. Why is making the spirit tablet for Duke Xi recorded? To criticize. What is criticized? That it was not done at the proper time. What was improper about the timing? He wanted to prolong the mourning period but later could not do so.\n〇Third month, on the day Yisi, he made a covenant with Jin Chufu.\nThis is Jinyang Chufu; why is his clan name not given? To avoid recording a covenant with a high official.\n〇Summer, sixth month, Gongsun Ao met with the Duke of Song, the Marquis of Chen, the Earl of Zheng, and Jin Shihu, and they made a covenant at Chuilian.\n〇From the twelfth month there was no rain, up to the seventh month of autumn.\nWhy is this recorded? To note an anomaly. A great drought is recorded as a calamity; this was also a drought, so why is it recorded as an anomaly? In a great drought, the period is short and it is called a calamity, so it is recorded as a calamity; in this case, the period without rain was long and there was no calamity, so it is recorded as an anomaly.\n〇Eighth month, on the day Dingmao, a great ceremony was held at the Grand Temple, elevating Duke Xi.\nWhat does "great ceremony" mean? It is the great combined sacrifice. What is the great combined sacrifice? It is a joint offering. How is the joint offering conducted? The spirit tablets of destroyed temples are placed before the Grand Ancestor, and the spirit tablets of temples not yet destroyed are all raised up to share in the offering before the Grand Ancestor, with a grand sacrifice every five years. What does "elevating" mean? It means raising up. Why does it say "elevating Duke Xi"? To criticize. What is criticized? The violation of sacrificial order. What was the violation? Placing the father before the grandfather.\n〇Winter, the people of Jin, Song, Chen, and Zheng attacked Qin.\n〇Gongsun Zi went to Qi to present betrothal gifts.\nPresenting betrothal gifts is not usually recorded; why is this recorded? To criticize. What is criticized? Criticizing marriage during mourning. If the marriage takes place after the three-year mourning period, then why criticize marriage during mourning? Within the three-year period, one should not plan a marriage. The auspicious sacrifice to Duke Zhuang was criticized. Then why not criticize at the sacrifice? The grace of the three-year mourning period is profound; it is not added in vain, for it is believed that all people possess such feelings. If it is believed that all people possess such feelings, then why criticize only in the matter of marriage? Marriage is a great auspicious event, not an ordinary auspicious one. The auspiciousness is centered on oneself, and for one who is thought to possess such feelings, one should change in this matter.\n\n……