Попередній перегляд перекладу

【Duke Huan, Year 2】\n\n【Classic】\nFirst year, spring, the king's first month, the Duke assumed the throne.\n○ In the third month, the Duke met with the Earl of Zheng at Chui. The Earl of Zheng used a jade disc to exchange for the fields of Xu.\n○ Summer, fourth month, Dingwei day, the Duke and the Earl of Zheng swore an alliance at Yue.\n○ Autumn, great flood.\n○ Winter, tenth month.\n【Commentary】\nFirst year, spring, the Duke assumed the throne and restored good relations with Zheng. The people of Zheng requested to resume the sacrifices to the Duke of Zhou and finally exchange the fields of Beng. The Duke agreed. In the third month, the Earl of Zheng used a jade disc to exchange for the fields of Xu, for the sake of the Duke of Zhou and Beng.\n○ Summer, fourth month, Dingwei day, the Duke and the Earl of Zheng swore an alliance at Yue, to conclude the agreement over Beng. The oath said: "If one breaks this alliance, may he not enjoy his state!"\n○ Autumn, great flood. Generally, when water overflows the plains, it is called a great flood.\n○ Winter, the Earl of Zheng came to thank the Duke for the alliance.\n○ Hua Fudu of Song saw the wife of Kong Fu on the road, gazed at her as she passed and watched her leave, saying: "Beautiful and radiant."\n\n【Classic】\nSecond year, spring, the king's first month, Wushen day, Du of Song murdered his ruler Yiyi and his Grand Master Kong Fu.\n○ The Viscount of Teng came to pay homage.\n○ In the third month, the Duke met with the Marquis of Qi, the Marquis of Chen, and the Earl of Zheng at Ji, to settle the disorder of Song.\n○ Summer, fourth month, took the great tripod of Gao from Song. On Wushen day, it was placed in the Grand Temple.\n○ Autumn, seventh month, the Marquis of Qi came to pay homage.\n○ The Marquis of Cai and the Earl of Zheng met at Deng.\n○ In the ninth month, entered Qi.\n○ The Duke swore an alliance with the Rong at Tang. In winter, the Duke returned from Tang.\n【Commentary】\nSecond year, spring, Du of Song attacked the Kong clan, killed Kong Fu, and took his wife. The Duke was angry, and Du, fearing, then murdered Duke Shang. The noble man considered that Du had no respect for his ruler in his heart, and only then acted upon evil, so the text first records the murder of his ruler. They met at Ji to settle the disorder of Song. Because of bribes, they established the Hua clan.\nWhen Duke Shang of Song was established, in ten years there were eleven wars, and the people could not bear the demands. Kong Fujia was Minister of War, and Du was Grand Steward, so because the people could not bear the demands, he first declared: "The Minister of War is the cause." After killing Kong Fu and murdering Duke Shang, he summoned Duke Zhuang from Zheng and established him, to be close to Zheng. He bribed the Duke with the great tripod of Gao, and Qi, Chen, and Zheng all received bribes, so he became chief minister to the Duke of Song.\nSummer, fourth month, took the great tripod of Gao from Song. On Wushen day, it was placed in the Grand Temple, which was contrary to ritual. Zang Aibo remonstrated, saying: "A ruler of men will manifest virtue and block wrongdoing, to oversee the hundred officials, still fearing he might fail, so he displays excellent virtue to show his descendants. Therefore the pure temple has a thatched roof, the great carriage has a rush mat, the great sacrifice is not seasoned, and the grain offering is not polished, to manifest frugality. The robes, crown, ceremonial apron, and jade tablet, the belt, lower garment, leggings, and shoes, the headband, cap strings, and chin strap, to manifest regulation. The jade ornaments, scabbard fittings, and knife ornaments, the sash, streamers, and bridle tassels, to manifest rank. The fire, dragon, axe, and ceremonial embroidery patterns, to manifest refinement. The five colors representing images, to manifest things. The bells on the chariot and harness, to manifest sound. The sun, moon, and stars on the flags, to manifest brightness. Virtue is frugal yet regulated, rising and falling according to rank, with patterns and objects to record it, and sounds and brightness to proclaim it, to oversee the hundred officials. The hundred officials thus become cautious and fearful, and dare not violate discipline. Now you have destroyed virtue and established wrongdoing, and placed the vessel of bribery in the Grand Temple, to display it openly to the hundred officials. If the hundred officials imitate it, what punishment can there be? The ruin of a state comes from the corruption of officials; the loss of virtue among officials comes from the prominence of favored bribes. The tripod of Gao in the temple—what prominence could be greater? When King Wu conquered Shang, he moved the nine tripods to Luoyi, and righteous men still criticized him, how much more when one places a vessel of wrongdoing and disorder in the Grand Temple—what can be done about it?" The Duke did not listen.\nThe Zhou historiographer within heard of this and said: "Zang Sun Da will surely have descendants in Lu! When the ruler errs, he does not forget to remonstrate with virtue."\n○ Autumn, seventh month, the Marquis of Qi came to pay homage but was disrespectful. When the Marquis of Qi returned, they planned to attack him.\n○ The Marquis of Cai and the Earl of Zheng met at Deng, beginning to fear Chu.\n○ In the ninth month, entered Qi, to punish disrespect.\n○ The Duke swore an alliance with the Rong at Tang, to restore old friendship. In winter, the Duke returned from Tang and reported at the temple. Whenever the Duke traveled, he reported at the ancestral temple; upon returning, he held a drinking ceremony, set down the cup, and recorded merits—this was ritual. For special meetings, going and coming were recorded by place, to yield to the matter. For meetings of three or more, going was recorded by place, and coming was recorded as a meeting, to complete the matter.\n○ Formerly, Lady Jiang, wife of Marquis Mu of Jin, gave birth to the eldest son during the campaign at Tiao, and named him Chou (Enemy). His younger brother was born during the battle at Qianmu, and was named Chengshi (Complete Teacher). Shi Fu said: "How strange, the ruler's naming of his sons! Names regulate righteousness, righteousness produces ritual, ritual embodies governance, and governance corrects the people. Therefore governance succeeds and the people obey; if it changes, disorder arises. A good match is called a consort, a resentful match is called an enemy—this is the ancient naming. Now the ruler names his eldest son Chou and his younger brother Chengshi—this is the first sign of impending disorder. Will the elder brother be replaced?"\nIn the twenty-fourth year of Hui, Jin began to fall into disorder, so Huan Shu was enfeoffed at Quwo, and Luan Bin, grandson of Marquis Jing, was made his tutor. Shi Fu said: "I have heard that for the establishment of a state, the root must be great and the branches small, and only then can it be secure. Therefore the Son of Heaven establishes states, the feudal lords establish houses, the ministers establish concubines, the grand masters have secondary clans, the officers have retainers and sons, and the common people, artisans, and merchants each have their own kin, all with gradations of rank. Therefore the people serve their superiors, and those below have no covetous ambitions. Now Jin is a marquisate within the royal domain, yet a state has been established—the root is already weakened; can it last long?"\nIn the thirtieth year of Hui, Pan Fu of Jin murdered Marquis Zhao and tried to install Huan Shu, but failed. The people of Jin established Marquis Xiao. In the forty-fifth year of Hui, Zhuang Bo of Quwo attacked Yi and murdered Marquis Xiao. The people of Yi established his younger brother, Marquis E. Marquis E fathered Marquis Ai. Marquis Ai encroached upon the fields of Xingting. The southern border of Xingting incited Quwo to attack Yi.\n……