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【Wang Zhi, Chapter 5】\n\nThe system of ranks and emoluments established by the kings: Duke, Marquis, Earl, Viscount, and Baron—five ranks in all. Among the feudal lords, the high ministers, lower ministers, upper officers, middle officers, and lower officers—also five ranks in all.\nThe Emperor's farmland extends a thousand li square; Dukes and Marquises have farmland a hundred li square; Earls, seventy li; Viscounts and Barons, fifty li. Those unable to reach fifty li are not directly associated with the Emperor but are attached to the feudal lords, and are called attached states. The Three Dukes of the Emperor have farmland equal to that of Dukes and Marquises; the Emperor's ministers have farmland equal to that of Earls; the Emperor's high officers have farmland equal to that of Viscounts and Barons; the Emperor's principal officers have farmland equal to that of attached states.\nRegulations: Farmland is a hundred mu per plot. According to the division of these hundred mu, a superior farmer feeds nine people, the next feeds eight, the next feeds seven, the next feeds six, and an inferior farmer feeds five. For commoners serving in office, their emoluments are graded accordingly. Lower officers of feudal lords are treated as superior farmers, with emoluments sufficient to replace their farming. Middle officers receive double the lower officers, upper officers double the middle officers, lower ministers double the upper officers, ministers receive four times the emolument of officers, and the ruler receives ten times that of ministers. In a secondary state, ministers receive three times the emolument of officers, and the ruler receives ten times that of ministers. In a small state, ministers receive double the emolument of officers, and the ruler receives ten times that of ministers.\nIn a secondary state, the upper minister ranks with the middle minister of a great state, the middle minister with its lower minister, and the lower minister with its high officer. In a small state, the upper minister ranks with the lower minister of a great state, the middle minister with its upper high officer, and the lower minister with its lower high officer. Where there are middle and lower officers, their numbers each occupy three-tenths of the positions above them.\nWithin the four seas, there are altogether nine provinces. Each province is a thousand li square. In each province, thirty states of a hundred li, sixty states of seventy li, and one hundred and twenty states of fifty li are established, totaling two hundred and ten states. Famous mountains and great marshes are not granted as fiefs; the rest are used as attached states and interjacent lands. In the eight provinces, each has two hundred and ten states.\nWithin the Emperor's domain, there are nine states of a hundred li square, twenty-one states of seventy li, and sixty-three states of fifty li, totaling ninety-three states. Famous mountains and great marshes are not distributed. The rest are used to provide emoluments for officers and as interjacent lands.\nIn all nine provinces, there are one thousand seven hundred and seventy-three states, not counting the Emperor's principal officers and the attached states of feudal lords.\nWithin a hundred li of the Emperor's domain, provisions are made for official use; within a thousand li, for the Emperor's defense.\nBeyond a thousand li, regional earls are established. Five states form a group, and each group has a leader; ten states form a league, and each league has a commander; thirty states form a company, and each company has a director; two hundred and ten states form a province, and each province has an earl. In the eight provinces, there are eight earls, fifty-six directors, one hundred and sixty-eight commanders, and three hundred and thirty-six leaders. Each of the eight earls, with their respective groups, is subordinate to two of the Emperor's elders, who divide the world into left and right, called the Two Earls.\nWithin a thousand li is called the Dian; beyond a thousand li is called the Cai and the Liu.\nThe Emperor has Three Dukes, Nine Ministers, Twenty-seven High Officers, and Eighty-one Principal Officers.\nIn a great state, there are three ministers, all appointed by the Emperor, with five lower officers and twenty-seven upper officers.\nIn a secondary state, there are three ministers, two appointed by the Emperor and one by its ruler, with five lower officers and twenty-seven upper officers.\nIn a small state, there are two ministers, both appointed by its ruler, with five lower officers and twenty-seven upper officers. The Emperor sends his high officers as Three Supervisors to oversee the states of the regional earls, with three in each state.\nThe feudal lords within the Emperor's domain hold their positions by emolument; those outside hold theirs by hereditary succession.\nRegulations: The Three Dukes receive one commission with the dragon robe; if there is additional favor, it is a grant, but not exceeding nine commissions. The rulers of secondary states may not exceed seven commissions; the rulers of small states may not exceed five commissions.\n……