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【Duke Zhuang, Year 3】\n\nFirst year, spring, the king's first month.\nWhy does the Duke not speak of his accession? In the Spring and Autumn Annals, when a ruler is assassinated, the son does not speak of his accession. Why does the son not speak of his accession when the ruler is assassinated? To conceal it. Who conceals it? The son conceals it.\n〇Third month, the Lady retreated to Qi.\nWhat does "retreated" mean? "Retreated" is like fleeing. Internally, they avoid saying "fled" and call it "retreated." The Lady was already in Qi; why does it say she retreated to Qi? To remember her mother. In the first month, they preserve the ruler; remembering the mother begins with this matter. Why is the Lady not called Lady Jiang? Because she is degraded. Why is she degraded? Because she conspired in the assassination of the Duke. How did she conspire in the assassination of the Duke? The Lady slandered the Duke to the Marquis of Qi. The Duke said, "Tong is not my son; he is the son of the Marquis of Qi." The Marquis of Qi was angry and drank wine with him. When he left, he sent Duke's son Pengsheng to see him off. When he mounted the carriage, he broke his ribs and killed him. Remembering the mother is a good thing, so why degrade her for remembering her mother? Because it does not approve of remembering the mother.\n〇Summer, Shan Bo went to meet the king's daughter.\nWho is Shan Bo? He is our high official appointed by the Son of Heaven. Why is it not said that he was sent? Because the Son of Heaven summoned and sent him. Why go to meet her? To make us host her. Why make us host her? When the Son of Heaven marries his daughter to a feudal lord, he must have a feudal lord of the same surname host her; when a feudal lord marries his daughter to a high official, he must have a high official of the same surname host her.\n〇Autumn, they built a lodge for the king's daughter outside the city.\nWhy is this recorded? To criticize. What is criticized? Building it is proper; building it outside is improper. Why is building it outside improper? Building outside is not proper. Why is building it proper? When hosting the king's daughter, one must build a new lodge for her. Why must one build a new lodge when hosting the king's daughter? In the main hall, it is not permissible; in the small hall, it would be suspect; in the residences of the various young lords, it would be too lowly. The proper way is to build a new lodge for her.\n〇Winter, tenth month, on the day Yihai, Marquis Chen Lin died.\n〇The king sent Rong Shu to come and bestow the mandate on Duke Huan.\nWhat does "bestow" mean? It means to give. What does "mandate" mean? It means to add to our robes. Why does it say Duke Huan? Because it is a posthumous mandate.\n〇The king's daughter returned to Qi.\nWhy is this recorded? Because we hosted her.\n〇The Qi army moved Ji's Ping, Zan, and Wu.\nWhat does "moved" mean? It means to take them. If they took them, why not say they took them? To conceal it for Duke Xiang. Taking cities from outside is not recorded; why is this recorded? To magnify it. Why magnify it? Because from this point, the destruction began.\n\nSecond year, spring, the king's second month, they buried Duke Zhuang of Chen.\n〇Summer, Duke's son Qingfu led troops to attack Yuqiu.\nWhat is Yuqiu? It is a city of Zhulou. Why is it not attached to Zhulou? Because it is treated as a state. Why is it treated as a state? Because the ruler was there.\n〇Autumn, seventh month, the king's daughter of Qi died.\nForeign ladies are not recorded as deceased; why is this one recorded as deceased? To record her. Why record her? Because we hosted her.\n〇Winter, twelfth month, the Lady Jiang met the Marquis of Qi at Gao.\n〇On the day Yiyou, Duke Song Feng died.\n\n……