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【Ya · Daya】\n\nOdes of King Wen\n\nKing Wen\n\nKing Wen is on high;<br>\nOh! bright is he in heaven.<br>\nThough Zhou was an old state,<br>\nThe [favouring] appointment lighted on it recently.<br>\nIllustrious was the House of Zhou,<br>\nAnd the appointment of God came at the proper season.<br>\nKing Wen ascends and descends<br>\nOn the left and the right of God.\nFull of earnest activity was King Wen,<br>\nAnd his fame is without end.<br>\nThe gifts [of God] to Zhou<br>\nExtend to the descendants of King Wen; –<br>\nTo the descendants of King Wen,<br>\nIn the direct line and the collateral branches for a hundred generations.<br>\nAll the officers of Zhou<br>\nShall [also] be illustrious from age to age.\nThey shall be illustrious from age to age,<br>\nZealously and reverently pursuing their plans.<br>\nAdmirable are the many officers,<br>\nBorn in this royal kingdom.<br>\nThe royal kingdom is able to produce them, –<br>\nThe supporters of [the House of] Zhou.<br>\nNumerous is the array of officers,<br>\nAnd by them King Wen enjoys his repose.\nProfound was King Wen;<br>\nOh! continuous and bright was his feeling of reverence.<br>\nGreat is the appointment of Heaven!<br>\nThere were the descendants of [the sovereigns] of Shang; –<br>\nThe descendants of the sovereigns of Shang,<br>\nWere in number more than hundreds of thousands.<br>\nBut when God gave the command,<br>\nThey became subject to Zhou.\nThey became subject to Zhou;<br>\nThe appointment of Heaven is not constant.<br>\nThe officers of Yin, admirable and alert,<br>\nAssist at the libations in our capital; –<br>\nThey assist at those libations,<br>\nAlways wearing the hatchets on their lower garment and their peculiar cap.<br>\nO ye loyal ministers of the king,<br>\nEver think of your ancestor!\nEver think of your ancestor,<br>\nCultivating your virtue,<br>\nAlways striving to accord with the will [of Heaven].<br>\nSo shall you be seeking for much happiness.<br>\nBefore Yin lost the multitudes,<br>\n[Its kings] were the assessors of God.<br>\nLook to Yin as a beacon; –<br>\nThe great appointment is not easily [preserved].\nThe appointment is not easily [preserved];<br>\nDo not cause your own extinction.<br>\nDisplay and make bright your righteousness and name,<br>\nAnd look at [the fate of] Yin in the light of Heaven.<br>\nThe doings of high Heaven<br>\nHave neither sound nor smell.<br>\nTake your pattern from King Wen,<br>\nAnd the myriad regions will repose confidence in you.\n\nDa Ming\n\nIllustrious was the [future] mother of Zhou,<br>\nRen, the lady of Ji.<br>\nShe came from Yin Shang,<br>\nAnd came to be married in Zhou.<br>\nShe became the bride in the capital,<br>\nAlong with Ji, the king.<br>\nThe virtuous [lady] pursued her way.\nGreat Ren became pregnant,<br>\nAnd gave birth to this King Wen.<br>\nThis King Wen,<br>\nWatchfully and reverently,<br>\nWith entire intelligence served God,<br>\nAnd so secured the great blessing.<br>\nHis virtue was without deflection;<br>\nAnd in consequence he received [the allegiance of] the states from all quarters.\nHeaven surveyed this lower world;<br>\nAnd its appointment lighted [on King Wen].<br>\nIn his early years,<br>\nIt made for him a mate;<br>\nOn the north of the Xiao,<br>\nOn the banks of the Wei.\nKing Wen made good his virtue;<br>\nThe great state had a daughter.<br>\nThe great state had a daughter,<br>\nLooking as if sent from Heaven.<br>\nThe ceremonies of betrothal were determined,<br>\nAnd King Wen in person met her on the Wei.<br>\nOver it he made a bridge of boats;<br>\nThe glory [of the occasion] was illustrious.\nThe favouring appointment was from Heaven,<br>\nGiving the throne to our King Wen,<br>\nIn the capital of Zhou.<br>\nThe lady-successor was from Xin,<br>\nIts eldest daughter, who came to marry him.<br>\nShe was blessed to give birth to King Wu,<br>\nWho was preserved, and helped, and received also the appointment,<br>\nAnd in accordance with it smote the great Shang.\nThe troops of Yin Shang<br>\nWere collected like a forest,<br>\nAnd marshalled in the wilderness of Mu.<br>\nWe rose [to the crisis]; – 'God is with you, '[said Shang-fu to the king],<br>\n'Have no doubts in your heart.'\nThe wilderness of Mu spread out extensive;<br>\nBright shone the chariots of sandal;<br>\nThe teams of bays, black-maned and white-bellied, galloped along;<br>\nThe Grand-Master Shang-fu<br>\nWas like an eagle on the wing,<br>\nAssisting King Wu,<br>\nWho at one onset smote the great Shang.<br>\nThat morning's encounter was followed by a clear bright [day].\n……\n\nOdes of Sheng Min\n\nSheng Min\n\nWho gave birth to our people?<br>\nIt was Jiang Yuan.<br>\nHow did she give birth to our people?<br>\nShe had presented a pure offering and sacrificed,<br>\nThat her childlessness might be taken away.<br>\nShe then trod on a toe-print made by God, and was moved,<br>\nIn the large place where she rested.<br>\nShe became pregnant; she dwelt retired;<br>\nShe gave birth to, and nourished [a son],<br>\nWho was Hou Ji.\nWhen she had fulfilled her months,<br>\nHer first-born son [came forth] like a lamb.<br>\nThere was no bursting, nor rending,<br>\nNo injury, no hurt; –<br>\nShowing how wonderful he would be.<br>\nDid not God give her the comfort?<br>\nHad He not accepted her pure offering and sacrifice,<br>\nSo that thus easily she brought forth her son?\nHe was placed in a narrow lane,<br>\nBut the sheep and oxen protected him with loving care.<br>\nHe was placed in a wide forest,<br>\nWhere he was met with by the wood-cutters.<br>\nHe was placed on the cold ice,<br>\nAnd a bird screened and supported him with its wings.<br>\nWhen the bird went away,<br>\nHou Ji began to wail.<br>\nHis cry was long and loud,<br>\nSo that his voice filled the whole way.\nWhen he was able to crawl,<br>\nHe looked majestic and intelligent.<br>\nWhen he was able to feed himself,<br>\nHe fell to planting large beans.<br>\nThe beans grew luxuriantly;<br>\nHis rows of paddy shot up beautifully;<br>\nHis hemp and wheat grew strong and close;<br>\nHis gourds yielded abundantly.\nThe husbandry of Hou Ji<br>\nProceeded on the plan of helping [the growth].<br>\nHaving cleared away the thick grass,<br>\nHe sowed the ground with the yellow cereals.<br>\nHe managed the living grain, till it was ready to burst;<br>\nThen he used it as seed, and it sprang up;<br>\nIt grew and came into ear;<br>\nIt became strong and good;<br>\nIt hung down, every grain complete; –<br>\nAnd thus he was appointed lord of Tai.\nHe gave his people the beautiful grains; –<br>\nThe black millet, and the double-kernelled;<br>\nThe tall red, and the white.<br>\nThey planted extensively the black and the double-kernelled,<br>\nWhich were reaped and stacked on the ground.<br>\nThey planted extensively the tall red and the white,<br>\nWhich were carried on their shoulders and backs,<br>\nHome for the sacrifices which he founded.\nAnd how as to our sacrifices [to him]?<br>\nSome hull [the grain]; some take it from the mortar;<br>\nSome sift it; some tread it.<br>\nIt is rattling in the dishes;<br>\nIt is distilled, and the steam floats about.<br>\nWe consult; we observe the rites of purification;<br>\nWe take southernwood and offer it with the fat;<br>\nWe sacrifice a ram to the Spirit of the path;<br>\nWe offer roast flesh and broiled; –<br>\nAnd thus introduce the coming year.\nWe load the stands with the offerings,<br>\nThe stands both of wood and of earthenware.<br>\nAs soon as the fragrance ascends,<br>\nGod, well pleased, smells the sweet savour.<br>\nFragrant is it, and in its due season!<br>\nHou Ji founded the sacrifice,<br>\nAnd no one, we presume, has given occasion for blame or regret in regard to it,<br>\nDown to the present day.\n\nXing Wei\n\nThick grow the rushes by the way;<br>\nThe oxen and sheep should not trample them.<br>\nThey are just bursting from the sheath,<br>\nAnd their leaves are soft and glossy.<br>\nAffectionate brothers,<br>\nShould not be distant towards one another.<br>\nSome spread the mats for them;<br>\nSome present them with the stools.\nThe mats are spread, and the stools are set;<br>\nAttendants take their places.<br>\nThe guests pledge one another;<br>\nThe cups are washed and set down.<br>\nPickled meat and minced meat are presented;<br>\nRoast meat and broiled.<br>\nThere are dishes of spleen and tripe;<br>\nAnd there is singing and beating of drums.\nThe bow of mulberry wood is strong,<br>\nAnd its four arrows are balanced.<br>\nThe arrows are discharged, and all hit,<br>\nAnd the guests are arranged according to their skill.<br>\nThe bow of mulberry wood is bent,<br>\nAnd the four arrows are shot.<br>\nThe four arrows stand in the target,<br>\nAnd the guests are arranged so that none is slighted.\nZeng Sun is the host;<br>\nThe liquor is both sweet and good.<br>\nThe large cup is filled,<br>\nAnd they pray for the hoary age.<br>\nThe hoary age, with its bent back,<br>\nIs led on and supported.<br>\nLong life and old age are auspicious;<br>\nMay they be grandly blessed!\n……\n\nOdes of Dang\n\nDang\nHow great is God,<br>\nThe ruler of men below!<br>\nHow arrayed in terrors is God,<br>\nWith many things irregular in his ordinations!<br>\nHeaven gave birth to the multitudes of the people,<br>\nBut the nature it confers is not to be depended on.<br>\nAll are good at first,<br>\nBut few prove themselves to be so at the last.\nKing Wen said, 'Alas!<br>\nAlas! you [sovereign of] Yin-Shang.<br>\nStrong and fierce are you,<br>\nAnd a man of violent hand.<br>\nYou are in the highest place,<br>\nAnd hold the appointment [of Heaven],<br>\nBut you have fallen into all these errors.<br>\nHeaven sent down this condition of disorder,<br>\nBut you have increased it by your violence.\nKing Wen said, 'Alas!<br>\nAlas! you [sovereign of] Yin-Shang.<br>\nYou have held the righteous to be unrighteous,<br>\nAnd the violent you have deemed strong.<br>\nYou have had slanderous flatterers,<br>\nAnd strong men of violence.<br>\nThey have uttered their calumnies,<br>\nAnd you have not examined into them,<br>\nSo that bandits and robbers<br>\nHave been raised to office.<br>\nThey have violently abused and cursed [the people],<br>\nAnd there is no limit to their iniquity.'\nKing Wen said, 'Alas!<br>\nAlas! you [sovereign of] Yin-Shang.<br>\nYou have roared and blustered like a tiger,<br>\nThrough the Middle Kingdom.<br>\nYou have taken no account of the murmurs of the people,<br>\nAnd have held the discontented to be doing you good service.<br>\nYou have not been enlightened in your virtue,<br>\nAnd so have had none near you who were not cringing and obsequious;<br>\nAnd you have had none to stand by you,<br>\nWho were not flatterers.\nKing Wen said, 'Alas!<br>\nAlas! you [sovereign of] Yin-Shang.<br>\nHeaven did not let you go on drinking,<br>\nAnd yet you follow your wild courses.<br>\nYou have gone astray in your conduct,<br>\nAnd have been disorderly morning and night.<br>\nYou shout and roar,<br>\nMaking the day into night.\nKing Wen said, 'Alas!<br>\nAlas! you [sovereign of] Yin-Shang.<br>\nYou are like the cicada,<br>\nLike the grasshopper,<br>\nLike boiling water,<br>\nLike bubbling soup.<br>\nGreat and small are near to ruin,<br>\nAnd yet you still go on in your evil ways.<br>\nThe rage [of the people] is extending through the Middle Kingdom,<br>\nAnd has reached the wild tribes.\nKing Wen said, 'Alas!<br>\nAlas! you [sovereign of] Yin-Shang.<br>\nIt is not that God is not [good] to you,<br>\nBut you of Yin do not follow the old ways.<br>\nThough there are no old experienced men,<br>\nThere are still the ancient statutes and laws.<br>\nBut you will not listen to them,<br>\nAnd so your great appointment is being overthrown.\nKing Wen said, 'Alas!<br>\nAlas! you [sovereign of] Yin-Shang.<br>\nPeople have a saying,<br>\n"When a tree falls utterly,<br>\nWhile its branches and leaves are yet uninjured,<br>\nIt must first have been uprooted."<br>\nThe beacon of Yin is not far distant; –<br>\nIt is in the age of the [last] sovereign of Xia.'\nYi\nDignified and grave should be the demeanour,<br>\nAs becomes the corner [of virtue].<br>\nPeople have a saying, –<br>\n'There is no wise man who is not [sometimes] stupid.'<br>\nThe stupidity of the common man<br>\nIs from his natural defects.<br>\nThe stupidity of the wise man<br>\nIs from his perverse adherence to his own views.\nThere is nothing more powerful than the cultivation [of virtue],<br>\nTo which all the people will become subject.<br>\nWhen there is the power of virtuous conduct,<br>\nAll the states will become obedient.<br>\nWith far-reaching plans and settled counsels,<br>\nHe announces his instructions from time to time.<br>\nReverently attending to his deportment,<br>\nHe becomes a pattern to the people.\nBut now in the present [king],<br>\nThere is great disorder in the government,<br>\nAnd his virtue is all subverted.<br>\nHe is sunk in wine,<br>\nAnd thinks only of pleasure and idleness.<br>\nHe does not think of the inheritance of his ancestors,<br>\nNor does he diffuse and make known their statutes.<br>\nHe has not in himself any wise plans,<br>\nAnd so he has not the guidance of the law.\nThen let the great Heaven not regard him,<br>\nBut like as when an overflowing stream<br>\nSweeps all away, so let him perish.<br>\nRise early and go to bed late,<br>\nSprinkle and sweep your courtyard,<br>\nTo be a pattern to the people.<br>\nHave in good order your chariots and horses,<br>\nYour bows and arrows, and weapons of war;<br>\nThat you may be prepared for war,<br>\nAnd may keep at a distance the wild tribes of the south.\nSecure the peace of your people,<br>\nBe careful of your conduct,<br>\nAnd be prepared for unexpected events.<br>\nBe careful of what you say,<br>\nBe respectful in your demeanour,<br>\nIn everything be gentle and good.<br>\nA flaw in a mace of white jade<br>\nMay be ground away;<br>\nBut for a flaw in speech<br>\nNothing can be done.\nDo not say, 'This is of no importance.'<br>\nNo one holds my tongue.<br>\nWords cannot be retracted.<br>\nThere is no word but has its answer;<br>\nThere is no action but has its recompense.<br>\nBe kind to friends and relatives,<br>\nAnd to the multitudes of the people.<br>\nYour descendants will continue your line,<br>\nAnd the myriad people will all be ruled by you.\nLook at your friends and associates,<br>\nAnd compose your countenance to gentleness.<br>\nThere will be no error.<br>\nLook within your chamber;<br>\nBe free from shame even in its most secret corners.<br>\nDo not say, 'This place is not public.'<br>\nNo one can see me.<br>\nThe approaches of spiritual beings<br>\nCannot be calculated;<br>\nHow much less can they be slighted!\nMake your virtue illustrious,<br>\nMaking it perfect and admirable.<br>\nBe careful of your outward behaviour,<br>\nAnd allow nothing wrong in your demeanour.<br>\nDo nothing wrong, and do no harm,<br>\nAnd few will not take you as their pattern.<br>\nWhen some one throws me a peach,<br>\nI require him with a plum.<br>\nThat hornless calf<br>\nWould be used to gore the people.\nThat soft and pliant wood<br>\nMay be bound round with strings.<br>\nThat mild and gentle man<br>\nIs the foundation of virtue.<br>\nIf he be a wise man,<br>\nTell him the ancient lessons,<br>\nAnd he will follow the course of virtue.<br>\nIf he be a stupid man,<br>\nHe will say that I am deceiving him.<br>\nThe minds of the people are not the same.\nAlas! you child,<br>\nYou do not know what is good and what is not good.<br>\nNot only do I lead you by the hand,<br>\nBut I show you the affairs [of the government].<br>\nNot only do I face you and give you my instructions,<br>\nBut I hold you by the ear.<br>\nIf you say that you are not yet able [to attend to them],<br>\nYou have already carried a child in your arms.<br>\nIf the people are not self-possessed,<br>\nWho, beginning early, will become perfect?\nHow bright is the great Heaven!<br>\nAnd I have no pleasure [in life].<br>\nI see you so dreamy and stupid,<br>\nAnd my heart is full of pain.<br>\nI instruct you with all earnestness;<br>\nBut you listen to me with contempt.<br>\nYou do not use my lessons as a rule;<br>\nBut on the contrary you make a jest of them.<br>\nIf you say that you are not yet able [to attend to them],<br>\nYou are already old.\nAlas! you child,<br>\nI tell you the old rules.<br>\nIf you will listen to my plans,<br>\nI hope you will have no great repentance.<br>\nHeaven is now sending down calamities,<br>\nAnd is about to destroy our state.<br>\nI take an example not far off; –<br>\nThe great Heaven is not changeable.<br>\nIf you pervert your virtue,<br>\nYou will bring great distress on the people.\n……\nSong